Business and the Environment

Preface 7
Chapter 1. International trade and the environment (Anetta Kuna-Marszałek)
1.1. Contemporary international trade – general tendencies 9
1.2. International trade and demand for environment functions 11
1.3. International trade and demand for resources 13
1.4. Impact of export promoting specialisations on the environment 14
1.4.1. Intensive agriculture and degradation of soil 14
1.4.2. Deforestation 16
1.4.3. Destruction of mangrove forests 17
1.4.4. Intense fishing 18
1.4.5. Mining and extracting of raw materials 20
1.5. Dirty industry migration 23
1.6. Transportation and the environment 25
Questions and assignments 31
Literature 31
Chapter 2. Corporate social responsibility (Małgorzata Misiak)
2.1. The notion of CSR 35
2.2. Areas of CSR 36
2.3. CSR tools 39
2.4. CSR in a corporate management system 40
2.5. CSR principles 43
2.6. CSR: pros and cons 46
2.7. The CSR impact upon business 48
2.8. CSR in practice 51
Questions and assignments 54
Literature 55
Chapter 3. Eco-labelling (Anetta Kuna-Marszałek)
3.1. Corporate environmental responsibility 57
3.2. What is eco-labelling? 59
3.3. Types of eco-labels 60
3.4. Eco-labelling and its functions 63
3.5. Characteristics of environmental certification 64
3.6. Principles of environmental certification 65
3.7. Benefits to enterprises 66
3.8. Environmental labelling programmes 69
Questions and assignments 75
Literature 75
Chapter 4. Environmental management systems (Małgorzata Misiak)
4.1. Definition and philosophy of EMS 79
4.2. Types of EMS 80
4.3. EMS in the light of EMAS Regulations 82
4.3.1. Implementation of the system 82
4.3.2. Maintaining EMS 93
4.4. Costs and benefits of EMS 95
4.5. EMS in practice 97
Questions and assignments 99
Literature 99
Chapter 5. Environmental marketing strategies (Tomasz Serwach)
5.1. Definition and idea of corporate environmental marketing strategy 101
5.2. Enterprises’ motivation to adopt environmental marketing strategies 104
5.3. Types of corporate environmental marketing strategies 108
5.3.1. Active and passive strategies 110
5.3.2. Competitive environmental strategies according to Orsato 112
5.3.3. The Ansoff Matrix – the environmental version 117
Questions and assignments 119
Literature 120
Chapter 6. Green public procurement (Tomasz Dorożyński)
6.1. Legal regulations 121
6.1.1. European Union law 121
6.1.2. National legislation 122
6.2. Types of contracts 126
6.3. Awarding procedures 128
6.4. Exemptions 130
6.5. Sectoral contracts 131
6.6. Public procurement market 133
6.7. The internationalisation of the Polish public procurement market 135
6.8. Public procurement for a better environment 137
6.9. EU environmental criteria 139
6.10. Product sheet for computer hardware (example) 140
6.11. Share of green public procurement in the market 143
Questions and assignments 144
Literature 144
List of tables 147
List of figures 149